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      <a href="/2017/04/03/angular-free-18-use-angular-mock/" title="玩转Angular1(18)--使用mock本地数据模拟" itemprop="url">玩转Angular1(18)--使用mock本地数据模拟</a>
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      <a href="https://godbasin.github.io" title="被删">被删</a>
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    <time datetime="2017-04-03T08:33:49.000Z" itemprop="datePublished">2017-04-03</time>
    更新日期:<time datetime="2017-07-14T13:03:24.428Z" itemprop="dateModified">2017-07-14</time>
    
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			<strong class="toc-title">文章目录</strong>
		<ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#模拟数据相关"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">模拟数据相关</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#angular-mock简介"><span class="toc-number">1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">angular-mock简介</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#httpBackend"><span class="toc-number">1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">$httpBackend</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#参考"><span class="toc-number">1.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">参考</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#添加mock模拟数据"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">添加mock模拟数据</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#bootstrap-ts"><span class="toc-number">2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">bootstrap.ts</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#添加mock服务"><span class="toc-number">2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">添加mock服务</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#服务的数据模拟"><span class="toc-number">2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">服务的数据模拟</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#结束语"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">结束语</span></a></li></ol>
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		<p>AngularJS(v1.5.8)已经成为项目们的基本框架，《玩转Angular1》系列用于记录项目中的一些好玩或者比较特别的思路。<br>本文介绍使用mock本地数据模拟的过程。<br><a id="more"></a></p>
<h2 id="模拟数据相关"><a href="#模拟数据相关" class="headerlink" title="模拟数据相关"></a>模拟数据相关</h2><hr>
<h3 id="angular-mock简介"><a href="#angular-mock简介" class="headerlink" title="angular-mock简介"></a>angular-mock简介</h3><p>Angular-mock模块为angular单元测试提供模块定义、加载、注入等支持。辅助Karma、Jasmine等JS测试工具来模拟angular方法，测试angular应用。<br>除此之外，Angular-mock还扩展了ng的多个核心服务，使之可以被测试代码以同步的方式进行审查和控制。</p>
<p>mock功能：</p>
<ul>
<li>基于数据模板生成模拟数据</li>
<li>基于HTML模板生成模拟数据</li>
<li>拦截并模拟ajax请求</li>
</ul>
<p>这里我们只需要用到最后一个功能即可。</p>
<p>模块组件：</p>
<ul>
<li><p>对象</p>
<ul>
<li><code>angular.mock</code>：’angular-mocks.js’的命名空间，其中包含测试代码。</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>服务</p>
<ul>
<li><code>$exceptionHandler</code>：通过$exceptionHandler模拟实现重抛或记录错误信息。查看$exceptionHandlerProvider获取配置信息。</li>
<li><code>$log</code>：模拟实现$log收集所有数组中已记录的日志信息(每一个记录等级一个数组)。这些数组被作为logs属性可每个具体等级的log方法获取。例：对于等级error数组可被 $log.error.logs获取。</li>
<li><code>$interval</code>：模拟实现$interval服务。</li>
<li><code>$httpBackend</code>：为使用了$http service的应用提供单元测试的伪HTTP后台。</li>
<li><code>$timeout</code>：该服务仅是一个简单的装饰器，为$timeout服务添加了”flush”和”verifyNoPendingTasks” 方法。</li>
<li><code>$controller</code>：为$controller提供了额外的bindings参数，这在测试使用了bindToController指令的控制器时很有用处。</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="httpBackend"><a href="#httpBackend" class="headerlink" title="$httpBackend"></a>$httpBackend</h3><p>$httpBackend是ngMock模块中的服务，可以模拟后端Http请求返回。<br>在路由匹配时，将会拦截请求并返回模拟的结果。</p>
<p>$httpBackend常用方法：</p>
<ul>
<li>when：新建一个后端定义（backend definition）。<code>when(method, url, [data], [headers]);</code></li>
<li><p>expect：新建一个请求期望（request expectation）。<code>expect(method, url, [data], [headers]);</code></p>
</li>
<li><p>when和expect都需要4个参数method, url, data, headers, 其中后2个参数可选。</p>
<ul>
<li>method表示http方法注意都需要是大写(GET, PUT…)</li>
<li>url请求的url可以为正则或者字符串</li>
<li>data请求时带的参数</li>
<li>headers请求时设置的header</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p>如果这些参数都提供了，那只有当这些参数都匹配的时候才会正确的匹配请求。<br>when和expect都会返回一个带respond方法的对象。<br>respond方法有3个参数status，data，headers通过设置这3个参数就可以伪造返回的响应数据了。</p>
<p>$httpBackend.when与$httpBackend.expect的区别在于：<br>$httpBackend.expect的伪后台只能被调用一次(调用一次后会被清除)，第二次调用就会报错，而且$httpBackend.resetExpectations可以移除所有的expect而对when没有影响。</p>
<p>when和expect都有对应的快捷方法whenGET, whenPOST,whenHEAD, whenJSONP, whenDELETE, whenPUT; expect也一样</p>
<h3 id="参考"><a href="#参考" class="headerlink" title="参考"></a>参考</h3><ul>
<li><a href="https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000003716613" target="_blank" rel="external">《Angular-mock之使用$httpBackend服务测试$http》</a></li>
<li><a href="https://docs.angularjs.org/api/ngMock" target="_blank" rel="external">官方ngMock</a></li>
<li><a href="https://docs.angularjs.org/api/ngMock/service/$httpBackend" target="_blank" rel="external">官方$httpBackend</a></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="添加mock模拟数据"><a href="#添加mock模拟数据" class="headerlink" title="添加mock模拟数据"></a>添加mock模拟数据</h2><hr>
<h3 id="bootstrap-ts"><a href="#bootstrap-ts" class="headerlink" title="bootstrap.ts"></a>bootstrap.ts</h3><figure class="highlight typescript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div><div class="line">14</div><div class="line">15</div><div class="line">16</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="comment">// app/bootstrap.ts</span></div><div class="line"><span class="comment">// ...</span></div><div class="line"><span class="comment">// 注入angular相关依赖</span></div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> dependencies = [</div><div class="line">    ...</div><div class="line">    <span class="string">'ngMockE2E'</span></div><div class="line">];</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"><span class="comment">// 获取angular的app</span></div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> ngModule = angular.module(<span class="string">'AngularFree'</span>, dependencies);</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"><span class="comment">// 注入模拟服务</span></div><div class="line"><span class="built_in">require</span>(<span class="string">'angular-mocks'</span>);</div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> mockModule from <span class="string">'./mock'</span>;</div><div class="line">mockModule(ngModule);</div><div class="line"><span class="comment">// ...</span></div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="添加mock服务"><a href="#添加mock服务" class="headerlink" title="添加mock服务"></a>添加mock服务</h3><p>我们在<code>app</code>文件夹下添加<code>mock</code>文件夹，用于放置mock相关的设置和数据。<br>添加<code>index.ts</code>文件，用于总的输出：</p>
<figure class="highlight typescript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div><div class="line">14</div><div class="line">15</div><div class="line">16</div><div class="line">17</div><div class="line">18</div><div class="line">19</div><div class="line">20</div><div class="line">21</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="comment">// 文件夹根据模块（路由）分相关的服务</span></div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> user from <span class="string">'./user'</span>; <span class="comment">// 用户模块数据模拟</span></div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> service from <span class="string">'./service'</span>; <span class="comment">// 服务模块数据模拟</span></div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> system from <span class="string">'./system'</span>; <span class="comment">// 系统模块数据模拟</span></div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">export</span> <span class="keyword">default</span> ngModule =&gt; &#123;</div><div class="line">    <span class="comment">// 注入各个模块的模拟服务</span></div><div class="line">    user(ngModule);</div><div class="line">    service(ngModule);</div><div class="line">    system(ngModule);</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">    ngModule.run([<span class="string">'$httpBackend'</span>, $httpBackend =&gt; &#123;</div><div class="line">        <span class="comment">// 登录</span></div><div class="line">        $httpBackend.whenPOST(<span class="regexp">/login[^/]*/</span>).respond(<span class="built_in">require</span>(<span class="string">'./login.json'</span>));</div><div class="line">        <span class="comment">// 需添加其余的passThrough，这样未添加拦截的则可以正常发送请求</span></div><div class="line">        $httpBackend.whenGET(<span class="regexp">/.*/</span>).passThrough();</div><div class="line">        $httpBackend.whenPOST(<span class="regexp">/.*/</span>).passThrough();</div><div class="line">        $httpBackend.whenPUT(<span class="regexp">/.*/</span>).passThrough();</div><div class="line">        $httpBackend.whenDELETE(<span class="regexp">/.*/</span>).passThrough();</div><div class="line">    &#125;]);</div><div class="line">&#125;;</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="服务的数据模拟"><a href="#服务的数据模拟" class="headerlink" title="服务的数据模拟"></a>服务的数据模拟</h3><p>每个服务都使用相似的方式来拦截路由和返回数据：</p>
<figure class="highlight typescript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="comment">// app/mock/user/index.ts</span></div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">export</span> <span class="keyword">default</span> ngModule =&gt; &#123;</div><div class="line">    ngModule.run([<span class="string">'$httpBackend'</span>, ($httpBackend) =&gt; &#123;</div><div class="line">        <span class="comment">// 用户列表数据获取</span></div><div class="line">        $httpBackend.whenGET(<span class="regexp">/users[^/]*/</span>).respond(<span class="built_in">require</span>(<span class="string">'./userList.json'</span>));</div><div class="line">        <span class="comment">// 用户详情获取</span></div><div class="line">        $httpBackend.whenGET(<span class="regexp">/\/users\/(.+)/</span>).respond(<span class="built_in">require</span>(<span class="string">'./userDetail.json'</span>));</div><div class="line">        <span class="comment">// 用户新建</span></div><div class="line">        $httpBackend.whenPOST(<span class="regexp">/\/users\/(.+)/</span>).respond(<span class="number">200</span>, <span class="string">''</span>);</div><div class="line">        <span class="comment">// 用户编辑</span></div><div class="line">        $httpBackend.whenPUT(<span class="regexp">/\/users\/(.+)/</span>).respond(<span class="number">200</span>, <span class="string">''</span>);</div><div class="line">    &#125;]);</div><div class="line">&#125;;</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>然后我们通过添加相应的json文件，里面保存着需要返回的数据，则可以很方便地使用了呢。</p>
<h2 id="结束语"><a href="#结束语" class="headerlink" title="结束语"></a>结束语</h2><hr>
<p>这节主要简单介绍使用mock本地数据模拟的过程，这也是为什么我们之前创建的一些http服务都经过angular的$http服务进行封装的原因，这样的话我们就能很方便地使用angular的mock和$httpBackend服务了。</p>
  
		
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  <ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#模拟数据相关"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">模拟数据相关</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#angular-mock简介"><span class="toc-number">1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">angular-mock简介</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#httpBackend"><span class="toc-number">1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">$httpBackend</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#参考"><span class="toc-number">1.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">参考</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#添加mock模拟数据"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">添加mock模拟数据</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#bootstrap-ts"><span class="toc-number">2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">bootstrap.ts</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#添加mock服务"><span class="toc-number">2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">添加mock服务</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#服务的数据模拟"><span class="toc-number">2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">服务的数据模拟</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#结束语"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">结束语</span></a></li></ol>
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